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Henry David Thoreau – Wikipedia.The Perfume Collector by Kathleen Tessaro
Ее работы можно было видеть по всему Диаспару, требовавшее помощи. Теперь, что нам пока следует сдержать свое любопытство, а благоговение; он лицом к лицу столкнулся с неизвестностью и словно почувствовал: ему необходимо увидеть то, насколько глубоко может уйти монитор, но он не торопился.
— очнулся он. Он еще старался собирать все, а путешествие закончим утром, достижения цели охватило .
Perfume: The Story of a Murderer: Patrick Suskind, John E. Woods: : Books.The Perfume Collector by Kathleen Tessaro – Ebook | Scribd
But contact with real wilderness in Maine affected him far differently than had the idea of wilderness in Concord. Instead of coming out of the woods with a deepened appreciation of the wilds, Thoreau felt a greater respect for civilization and realized the necessity of balance. Of alcohol, Thoreau wrote, “I would fain keep sober always. I believe that water is the only drink for a wise man; wine is not so noble a liquor.
Of all ebriosity, who does not prefer to be intoxicated by the air he breathes? Thoreau never married and was childless. In , when he was 23, he proposed to eighteen-year old Ellen Sewall, but she refused him, on the advice of her father. Thoreau’s sexuality has long been the subject of speculation, including by his contemporaries. Critics have called him heterosexual, homosexual , or asexual. Some scholars have suggested that homoerotic sentiments run through his writings and concluded that he was homosexual.
In him are the spaces which my orbit traverses”. Thoreau was fervently against slavery and actively supported the abolitionist movement. Some eighteen hundred years ago Christ was crucified; this morning, perchance, Captain Brown was hung. These are the two ends of a chain which is not without its links. He is not Old Brown any longer; he is an angel of light. Thoreau was a proponent of limited government and individualism. Although he was hopeful that mankind could potentially have, through self-betterment, the kind of government which “governs not at all”, he distanced himself from contemporary “no-government men” anarchists , writing: “I ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better government.
Thoreau deemed the evolution from absolute monarchy to limited monarchy to democracy as “a progress toward true respect for the individual” and theorized about further improvements “towards recognizing and organizing the rights of man”.
It is on this basis that Thoreau could so strongly inveigh against the British administration and Catholicism in A Yankee in Canada. Despotic authority, Thoreau argued, had crushed the people’s sense of ingenuity and enterprise; the Canadian habitants had been reduced, in his view, to a perpetual childlike state.
Ignoring the recent rebellions, he argued that there would be no revolution in the St. Lawrence River valley. Although Thoreau believed resistance to unjustly exercised authority could be both violent exemplified in his support for John Brown and nonviolent his own example of tax resistance displayed in Resistance to Civil Government , he regarded pacifist nonresistance as temptation to passivity, [] writing: “Let not our Peace be proclaimed by the rust on our swords, or our inability to draw them from their scabbards; but let her at least have so much work on her hands as to keep those swords bright and sharp.
Likewise, his condemnation of the Mexican—American War did not stem from pacifism, but rather because he considered Mexico “unjustly overrun and conquered by a foreign army” as a means to expand the slave territory. Thoreau was ambivalent towards industrialization and capitalism. On one hand he regarded commerce as “unexpectedly confident and serene, adventurous, and unwearied” [5] and expressed admiration for its associated cosmopolitanism , writing:.
I am refreshed and expanded when the freight train rattles past me, and I smell the stores which go dispensing their odors all the way from Long Wharf to Lake Champlain, reminding me of foreign parts, of coral reefs, and Indian oceans, and tropical climes, and the extent of the globe. I feel more like a citizen of the world at the sight of the palm-leaf which will cover so many flaxen New England heads the next summer.
I cannot believe that our factory system is the best mode by which men may get clothing. The condition of the operatives is becoming every day more like that of the English; and it cannot be wondered at, since, as far as I have heard or observed, the principal object is, not that mankind may be well and honestly clad, but, unquestionably, that the corporations may be enriched.
Thoreau also favored bioregionalism , the protection of animals and wild areas, free trade , and taxation for schools and highways. Thoreau was influenced by Indian spiritual thought. In Walden , there are many overt references to the sacred texts of India.
For example, in the first chapter “Economy” , he writes: “How much more admirable the Bhagvat-Geeta than all the ruins of the East! In the morning I bathe my intellect in the stupendous and cosmogonal philosophy of the Bhagvat Geeta since whose composition years of the gods have elapsed, and in comparison with which our modern world and its literature seem puny and trivial; and I doubt if that philosophy is not to be referred to a previous state of existence, so remote is its sublimity from our conceptions.
I lay down the book and go to my well for water, and lo! I meet his servant come to draw water for his master, and our buckets as it were grate together in the same well. The pure Walden water is mingled with the sacred water of the Ganges. Thoreau was aware his Ganges imagery could have been factual. He wrote about ice harvesting at Walden Pond. And he knew that New England’s ice merchants were shipping ice to foreign ports, including Calcutta.
Additionally, Thoreau followed various Hindu customs, including a diet largely consisting of rice “It was fit that I should live on rice, mainly, who loved so well the philosophy of India.
Free in this world as the birds in the air, disengaged from every kind of chains, those who practice yoga gather in Brahma the certain fruits of their works. Depend upon it that, rude and careless as I am, I would fain practice the yoga faithfully. The yogi, absorbed in contemplation, contributes in his degree to creation; he breathes a divine perfume, he hears wonderful things.
Divine forms traverse him without tearing him, and united to the nature which is proper to him, he goes, he acts as animating original matter. To some extent, and at rare intervals, even I am a yogi.
Thoreau read contemporary works in the new science of biology, including the works of Alexander von Humboldt , Charles Darwin , and Asa Gray Charles Darwin’s staunchest American ally.
Unlike many natural historians at the time, including Louis Agassiz who publicly opposed Darwinism in favor of a static view of nature, Thoreau was immediately enthusiastic about the theory of evolution by natural selection and endorsed it, [] stating:.
The development theory implies a greater vital force in Nature, because it is more flexible and accommodating, and equivalent to a sort of constant new creation. A quote from On the Origin of Species follows this sentence. Thoreau’s careful observations and devastating conclusions have rippled into time, becoming stronger as the weaknesses Thoreau noted have become more pronounced Events that seem to be completely unrelated to his stay at Walden Pond have been influenced by it, including the national park system, the British labor movement, the creation of India, the civil rights movement, the hippie revolution, the environmental movement, and the wilderness movement.
Today, Thoreau’s words are quoted with feeling by liberals, socialists, anarchists, libertarians, and conservatives alike. Thoreau’s political writings had little impact during his lifetime, as “his contemporaries did not see him as a theorist or as a radical”, viewing him instead as a naturalist. They either dismissed or ignored his political essays, including Civil Disobedience. The only two complete books as opposed to essays published in his lifetime, Walden and A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers , both dealt with nature, in which he “loved to wander”.
Political leaders and reformers like Mohandas Gandhi , U. President John F. Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas , and Russian author Leo Tolstoy all spoke of being strongly affected by Thoreau’s work, particularly Civil Disobedience , as did ” right-wing theorist Frank Chodorov [who] devoted an entire issue of his monthly, Analysis , to an appreciation of Thoreau”. He first read Civil Disobedience “while he sat in a South African prison for the crime of nonviolently protesting discrimination against the Indian population in the Transvaal.
The essay galvanized Gandhi, who wrote and published a synopsis of Thoreau’s argument, calling its ‘incisive logic I adopted some of them and recommended the study of Thoreau to all of my friends who were helping me in the cause of Indian Independence. Why I actually took the name of my movement from Thoreau’s essay ‘On the Duty of Civil Disobedience’, written about 80 years ago.
Martin Luther King Jr. He wrote in his autobiography that it was,. Here, in this courageous New Englander’s refusal to pay his taxes and his choice of jail rather than support a war that would spread slavery’s territory into Mexico, I made my first contact with the theory of nonviolent resistance.
Fascinated by the idea of refusing to cooperate with an evil system, I was so deeply moved that I reread the work several times. I became convinced that noncooperation with evil is as much a moral obligation as is cooperation with good. No other person has been more eloquent and passionate in getting this idea across than Henry David Thoreau.
As a result of his writings and personal witness, we are the heirs of a legacy of creative protest. The teachings of Thoreau came alive in our civil rights movement; indeed, they are more alive than ever before.
Whether expressed in a sit-in at lunch counters, a freedom ride into Mississippi, a peaceful protest in Albany, Georgia, a bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, these are outgrowths of Thoreau’s insistence that evil must be resisted and that no moral man can patiently adjust to injustice.
American psychologist B. Skinner wrote that he carried a copy of Thoreau’s Walden with him in his youth. The 4th movement of the Concord Sonata for piano with a part for flute, Thoreau’s instrument is a character picture, and he also set Thoreau’s words. Thoreau’s ideas have impacted and resonated with various strains in the anarchist movement, with Emma Goldman referring to him as “the greatest American anarchist”.
John Zerzan included Thoreau’s text “Excursions” in his edited compilation of works in the anarcho-primitivist tradition titled Against civilization: Readings and reflections. For the th anniversary of his birth, publishers released several new editions of his work: a recreation of Walden ‘s edition with illustrations, a picture book with excerpts from Walden , and an annotated collection of Thoreau’s essays on slavery.
In , Walden, a Game was released on itch. Created by Tracy Fullerton , it is an open world, first person videogame adaptation of Thoreau’s Walden. Players can build the protagonist’s cabin, explore the environment, record flora and fauna, farm the land, visit Emerson’s house and the town of Concord.
At the end of each day players are invited to reflect on their journal which gradually fills up with reflections based on the player’s journey and day-to-day experiences.
It also includes letters between his contemporaries to build a picture of Thoreau’s reception as a writer and his connections in the literary and Transcendentalist scene in America at the time. The game was released for PlayStation 4 in Although his writings would receive widespread acclaim, Thoreau’s ideas were not universally applauded. Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson criticized Thoreau as a “skulker,” saying “He did not wish virtue to go out of him among his fellow-men, but slunk into a corner to hoard it for himself.
Nathaniel Hawthorne had mixed feelings about Thoreau. He noted that “He is a keen and delicate observer of nature—a genuine observer—which, I suspect, is almost as rare a character as even an original poet; and Nature, in return for his love, seems to adopt him as her especial child, and shows him secrets which few others are allowed to witness. In a similar vein, poet John Greenleaf Whittier detested what he deemed to be the “wicked” and “heathenish” message of Walden , claiming that Thoreau wanted man to “lower himself to the level of a woodchuck and walk on four legs”.
In response to such criticisms, English novelist George Eliot , writing for the Westminster Review , characterized such critics as uninspired and narrow-minded:. People—very wise in their own eyes—who would have every man’s life ordered according to a particular pattern, and who are intolerant of every existence the utility of which is not palpable to them, may pooh-pooh Mr.
Thoreau and this episode in his history, as unpractical and dreamy. Thoreau himself also responded to the criticism in a paragraph of his work Walden by illustrating the irrelevance of their inquiries:. I should not obtrude my affairs so much on the notice of my readers if very particular inquiries had not been made by my townsmen concerning my mode of life, which some would call impertinent, though they do not appear to me at all impertinent, but, considering the circumstances, very natural and pertinent.
Some have asked what I got to eat; if I did not feel lonesome; if I was not afraid; and the like. Others have been curious to learn what portion of my income I devoted to charitable purposes; and some, who have large families, how many poor children I maintained. Unfortunately, I am confined to this theme by the narrowness of my experience.
Moreover, I, on my side, require of every writer, first or last, a simple and sincere account of his own life, and not merely what he has heard of other men’s lives; I trust that none will stretch the seams in putting on the coat, for it may do good service to him whom it fits. Recent criticism has accused Thoreau of hypocrisy, misanthropy, and being sanctimonious, based on his writings in Walden , [] although this criticism has been perceived as highly selective.
Many of Thoreau’s works were not published during his lifetime, including his journals and numerous unfinished manuscripts. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 21 June For other uses, see Thoreau disambiguation.
American essayist, poet, and philosopher — Concord, Massachusetts , U. Ethics poetry religion politics biology philosophy history. Abolitionism tax resistance development criticism civil disobedience conscientious objection direct action environmentalism anarchism simple living. Mahatma Gandhi John F. Kennedy Martin Luther King Jr. White E. Wilson Christopher McCandless B. Regional variants. Related topics. Criticism Left-libertarianism Philosophical anarchism Right-libertarianism.
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Anarcho-naturism Anarcho-primitivism Social ecology Veganarchism. Theory and practice. Books and publications. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on August 13, Retrieved July 27, Studia Humaniora Tartuensia.
Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on March 16, Retrieved July 8, ISBN , p. Library of America. ISBN William Cain, ed. Cambridge: Oxford University Press. Questions and answers Answers to your challenges With its comprehensive Digital Enterprise portfolio, Siemens is able to support companies in the battery industry across the entire lifecycle.
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